The effects of global warming on the hydrological cycle are far-reaching and complex, but it is necessary to understand their magnitude in order to inform the public and decision makers about the reality of the crisis. The hydrological cycle is the cycle of water from evaporation, to condensation to precipitation and again to evaporation, all happening in an interconnected, global system. As the temperature of the Earth increases due to anthropogenic activities, the hydrological cycle is being drastically altered and everyone is feeling the effects.
First, it is important to note that increasingly warm temperatures lead to increased evaporation of water bodies including rivers, lakes, and oceans. As the surface of the water warms, the molecules move faster and more water vapor is released into the air, affecting the global climate. This water vapor that is released has a greenhouse effect on the planet, which further contributes to global warming.
In addition, warmer temperatures lead to decreased precipitation as indicated by lower than average amounts of snowfall, rainfall, and water droplet formation. Less precipitation has far-reaching implications for farmers, lumberjacks, hikers, and outdoor enthusiasts in general. For example, in California, snowfall is diminishing due to global warming, leading to a decrease in California’s snow-based recreation industry which providers close to $5 billion in economic benefits annually.
The hydrological cycle is also affected in terms of the intensity of storms. Warmer weather means more energy in the atmosphere, meaning that storms tend to form more quickly and with more intense rainfall. According to a study by NOAA, the amount of rain and snowfall we experience during heavy precipitation events has gone up 20% since the 1950s, resulting in increased flooding events, water contamination, disease outbreaks, and destruction of habitats worldwide.
The effects of a changing hydrological cycle are being felt daily and it is up to humanity to take action. We must shift our energy propensity towards renewable and sustainable sources, limit emissions from fossil fuels, and optimize our water storage and distribution systems in order to better prepare for the effects of a changing climate. We must also continue to raise awareness of the issue, both through education and policy reform, in order to ensure a better future.
There’s no denying that global warming is having a severe and damaging effect on the hydrological cycle and its consequences are already being felt. In order to prevent further destruction, it is important to take a proactive approach and push for meaningful change in order to mitigate the effects of global warming on the hydrological cycle. The struggle against climate change starts with each one of us and it is up to each person to do their part to help protect our planet and the environment.
