When most of us think about global warming, we think about the rise in average global temperatures, melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels. However, what many fail to realize is that global warming also has a direct impact on extreme weather. By understanding the relationship between these two phenomena, we can begin to plan for the potential risks and be better prepared for the future.
It is generally accepted that one of the main causes of global warming is the effect of human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, intensive agriculture and overgrazing. These activities, known as anthropogenic activities, release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which trap heat and contribute to the rise in global temperatures.
Like other aspects of climate change, the effects of these activities are not evenly spread, and extreme weather is one of the consequences of the uneven warming of the atmosphere. On a regional level, global warming has been associated with longer and more intense periods of extreme temperatures. For example, in the Southern US, summer temperatures have exceeded 100F (38C) more frequently in the last few decades than ever before.
In addition, global warming also influences the patterns of precipitation, resulting in wetter and drier areas. For example, over the last 50 years, heavy rainfalls in the US have increased by 27%, leading to an increase in flooding in certain regions, such as the Midwest.
At the same time, other regions of the world have experienced a decrease in precipitation, leading to longer and more extreme periods of drought. For instance, parts of the Mediterranean have experienced more intense spells of drought in the last few decades, with severe consequences for local populations and ecosystems. For example, in Syria, an extended drought starting in 2006 has been linked to an increased number of people leaving their homes and contributing to the refugee crisis.
The warming of the atmosphere also has an effect on the intensity of storms and hurricanes. As temperatures rise, the atmosphere is able to hold more water vapor, leading to heavier rains and more intense winds. This has been associated with an increase in the number of severe hurricane events in the Atlantic since the 1990s.
Of course, it must be noted that climate change and global warming are not the only factors influencing extreme weather. Natural variability due to the interactions of ocean and atmospheric circulation also plays an important role. Nevertheless, the evidence showing the connection between global warming and extreme weather events is becoming increasingly clear.
In order to reduce the risk of catastrophic weather events in the future, it is essential to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and combat climate change. This can be done through various measures, such as transitioning to renewable energy sources, increasing energy efficiency, restoring forests and increasing wetland areas. All of these measures will not only help to reduce future risks, but can also help to create jobs and improve public health.
In conclusion, it is essential to understand the relationship between global warming and extreme weather as a first step in preparing for the future. It is clear that global warming is having a direct impact on the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and that drastic action is required to reduce the risk of catastrophic damage in the future.
