Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the planet – and global warming is at the heart of the discussion. But what does global warming really mean in science?
At its simplest, global warming is the average rise in temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. The effects of global warming are far more complicated though, as it’s part of a global climate pattern that affects not only the atmosphere but oceans, land, ecosystems and human activity. The root cause is an increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, trapped in the atmosphere, due to human activities including burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
The average global temperature has already risen by more than 1°C since pre-industrial times, and could reach up to 4°C by the end of this century. This may not sound like much, but a slight change in the global average temperature can have dire consequences for the entire planet. Heatwaves, storms, floods and droughts are set to become more frequent and intense. Rising sea levels will lead to coastal erosion, wetlands destruction and the displacement of millions of people. Our planet’s biodiversity will suffer – 16% of species face extinction due to climate change. Meanwhile, new diseases and health risks will arise, and food security is also under threat. These impacts are particularly evident in low-income communities, which are least-equipped to withstand the consequences.
Though the effects of global warming can be alarming, the scientific community is optimistic about the future. Contemporary technology has a range of solutions at hand, such as renewable energy sources, reforestation programmes and carbon-capturing techniques. Adopting these solutions and transitioning to a more sustainable lifestyle is becoming increasingly viable – particularly in countries with advanced economies. The 2015 Paris Agreement also helped to build momentum, with 173 countries signing the landmark agreement to limit global warming to “well below 2°C.”
Overall, although global warming remains one of the biggest challenges of the modern world, there is hope for a more optimistic future. In order to combat climate change and reduce its devastating effects, however, it is essential to educate ourselves, embrace a sustainable lifestyle, and support legislation that helps to protect the planet and its inhabitants.
