Climate change is an increasingly pervasive and pressing issue of our time – one which underpins a wide range of environmental and socioeconomic challenges. Far from a future problem, global warming is already impacting people today, leading to extreme weather events, shifts in the distribution of flora and fauna around the world, migration of coastal populations, and major adjustments in food production. In short, it is a problem requiring attention now.
A basic global warming overview starts with the understanding that Earth’s climate is changing due to the release of so-called “greenhouse gases” into the atmosphere. Specifically, CO2, Methane, Nitrous oxide and F-gases. These gases prevent the escape of energy from the Earth into space, trapping heat and leading to an unavoidable rise in the planet’s global average temperature.
Scientists have linked the current global warming trend to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, intensive agricultural practices and other activities that produce carbon dioxide and other green-house gases. Alarmingly, recent data suggests that temperatures could be 2-4℃ higher by century’s end, making it essential to act now and cut emissions.
The consequences of this are far reaching and extreme, with acidification of the oceans posing a particular threat.Ocean acidity has risen by 30% since the industrial revolution and is projected to increase a further 150% if we do not drastically reduce emissions. This is of great concern, since a critical decline in the ocean’s pH could spell disaster for the marine life supported by coral reef and plankton ecosystems, significantly impacting the global food supply.
It’s also important to consider that rising temperatures mean precipitation patterns and global weather events are changing. This can lead to increased aridity or even flooding in certain areas and has relevance for global agriculture, with changes in weather patterns affecting crop yields and water availability. In regions that are already suffering from water stress, this could mean famine, drought, water insecurity and displacement of populations. The potential for conflict, both within countries and across borders, is an ever looming spectre in this scenario.
Our responsibility to the planet,and our own wellbeing demands action against global warming, and the good news is that we are beginning to rise to the challenge. A number of countries have committed to net-zero emissions in relation to climate change, and private companies, research establishments and even individuals are beginning to do their part. Whilst technology has a role to play in the fight, the key lies in policy. Carbon taxes, cap-and-trade and other economic instruments, as well as sustainable investments, are needed to create viable incentives for reducing emissions and engaging in green alternatives.
Global warming is a complex, thorny problem and much remains to be reconciled concerning its causes, effects, and solutions. What remains clear however, is that the world is waking up to the consequences of climate change, and that action must be taken now if we are to protect our planet’s future. Every person has a duty to inform themselves and actively strive to reduce emissions and protect the environment.
