The effects of climate change are evident in the form of increased global temperatures, more extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. One of the chief contributors to climate change is greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases are molecules that are able to trap energy from the sun, and prevent it from escaping back into the atmosphere. They effectively act as a protective blanket in the atmosphere, trapping heat and retaining it for longer, which in turn raises global temperatures. The gases largely responsible for this are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases.
Carbon dioxide is naturally released into the environment through respiration, the burning of fossils fuels and deforestation. Methane is generated by, the decomposition of organic matter, the raising of animals and burning of waste. Nitrous oxide is released through soil cultivation, as well as the use of internal combustion engines, while fluorinated gases are released through refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosol cans.
Studies have shown that since the pre-industrial era, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by 40%, methane concentrations have increased by 150% and nitrous oxide concentrations have increased by 20%. As such, most experts agree that greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, industrial processes and other human activities have been the main contributors to atmospheric warming and climate change.
Although it is important to reduce emissions of all pollutants, certain gases have far more impact on global warming than others. For instance, one kilogram of methane has a 25 times greater warming impact than a kilogram of carbon dioxide over a 100 year period. Similarly, a kilogram of fluorinated gases has a 23,500 times greater warming impact than carbon dioxide. Therefore, reductions of methane and fluorinated gases to the atmosphere can yield faster and more evident results in terms of cooling the planet.
From an individual‘s perspective, there are plenty of ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in everyday life. Ways of reducing carbon dioxide emissions include switching off unused electrical appliances, carpooling instead of taking a single occupant car, and moderating room temperatures. Reducing methane and nitrous oxide can be achieved through anaerobic waste digestion techniques and transitioning towards a plant-based diet. Finally, replacing traditional refrigerants with green alternatives and avoiding aerosol cans are other ways of reducing emissions of fluorinated gases.
Overall, the current evidence points to greenhouse gases as the main contributors to global warming. Therefore, in order to safeguard our planet and protect it from further climate change and its effects, reducing our emissions is paramount. From making changes in our lifestyles, to putting in place more effective policies and strategies, it is essential that we take a proactive approach in order to make a real and lasting difference.
